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Sociological Approach to Research on Religion: Bangladesh Perspectives

After brief comments on the launching of the Department of World Religions in the University of Dhaka, this paper reviews concisely the contributions of significant sociologists to comparative academic study of religion, in some cases having had foundational impact on how the field or discipline variously called ‘history of religion’ or ‘comparative religion’ or ‘science of religion’ came to define itself in contrast to theology or ‘confessional’ study of religion. The influence of these and other sociologists has also been significant for developing the subfield of sociology of religion. In general sociologists have been rigorous in seeking objectivity in
research, although objectivity may include observing the feelings and intentions of human beings which influence their overt actions. The relations of religion to politics as well as to social norms and morality have attracted much attention from sociologists. In anticipation of more and better sociological research on religion in Bangladesh, four main elements may be considered as factors for study: a) faith and belief system, b) rites and rituals leading to common practice and community, c) ethical norms and morality and finally d) spiritual elements, which cover a wide range of epiphenomena impacting on society.

OUTGROUP EVALUATION AND SOCIAL IDENTITY AMONG BOYS AND GIRLS AS RELATED TO PARENTAL OCCUPATION AND RESIDENCE

The study attempted to investigate social identity and out-group evaluation in adolescent boys and girls in relation to parental occupation and residential background. The study used a sample composed of 320 respondents. An Adjective Check List was used for data collection. A three way  analysis of variance involving 2 levels of  gender (boys/girls), 2 levels of parental occupation (business/service) and 2 levels of residence (urban/rural) was used for the computation of results. Results showed 
gender, parental occupation and residence had statistically significant effects on the respondents. A two-way interaction between profession and residence was also statistically significant. Respondents with service background evaluated out-group significantly less positively as compared to the respondents with business background. Again, girls evaluated out-group significantly less positively as compared to the boys. Moreover, respondents with urban  residence evaluated out-group 
significantly less positively as compared to the respondents with rural residence.

AGGRESSION IN ADOLESCENT CHAKMA TRIBAL STUDENTS AS A FUNCTION OF GENDER AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

 Aggression behaviour in 160 adult Chakma tribal students was studied. The subjects were equally divided into boys
and girls. Each category was again subdivided into early adolescent and late adolescent. Age of early adolescent group ranged
from 11 to 14 years and late adolescent group ranged from 15 to 18 years. Thus, the study used a 2×2 factorial design
representing two levels of gender (boy versus girl) and two levels of stage of development (early versus late adolescence). The
measure of aggressive behaviour was administered on the sample for data collection. It was found that regardless of stage of
development, boys expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than girls. Similarly, regardless of gender, respondents at
early adolescent stage expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than the respondents at late adolescent stage
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Realising the Right to Development in Bangladesh: Progress and Challenges

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            SUMMARY

 

 By signing and ratifying various human rights instruments, the State of Bangladesh has committed itself to pursuing socio-economic policies in a way that would promote its people’s right to development, understood as integrated realisation of the whole range of human rights—including economic, social and cultural rights on the one hand and civil and political rights on the other. But does the development policy of Bangladesh actually conform to the demands of the right to development? This is the question investigated in the present paper. The paper first develops a methodology for answering the question, and then applies it to three specific rights—viz., the right to food, the right to health and the right to education—by drawing upon three case studies on the realisation of these rights in Bangladesh. The investigation finds that while Bangladesh can claim to have made a lot of progress in each of the three areas in terms of standard socio-economic indicators, serious deficiencies remain when judged by the criteria of human rights norms. The major areas of concern relate to the principles of equity, participation and accountability. Although successive governments have paid lip service to all three of these principles, the policies they have pursued in practice have actually undermined them more often than not. Fundamental reorientation is needed in the way the government functions before the development policy of the State of Bangladesh can be said to conform to the demands of the right to development approach.

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Human Development in South Asia

Centre for Policy Dialouge

July 1999

Summary:
The report has thoroughly, discussed various aspects of human development in South-Asia, however, the CPD dialogue was focussed on some selected issues relevant to Bangladesh. At the beginning of the dialogue, Mr. A.M.A. Muhith talked about the real aim of the Bengali version of "Human Development in South Asia, 1997", which was to make the wide number of people aware of the actual state of human development in South Asia. He said that the objective of organizing the dialogue was to
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